September 13 - Hat Tricks

Mark Alburger - Music 1200-1400 (1. Ars Antiqua)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EzuvNk6hxgA&list=PLtV-SdP8TZcfapBFy2iaHYGXj8DTtvn2d

Well, World Musicians, this is a pretty European playlist. 
On the other hand, much, if not all,
of this music was influenced by that from the Middle East,
so feel free to make connections with the pieces you've heard from
Western Asia and Northern Africa, the constituant parts of the list below for your reference...

Mark Alburger - Music 1200-1400 (1a. Troubadours)
Guiraut de Bornelh - Reis Glorios (Glorious King);
Raimbaut de Vaqueiras - Kalenda Maya (The First of May)
https://youtu.be/EzuvNk6hxgA

Mark Alburger - Music 1200-1400 (1b. Trobairitz, Trouveres)
Beatriz, Comtessa de Dia (Countess of Die) - I Must Sing, Though I'd Rather Not;
Richard Coeur-de-Lion (the Lionheart) - Ja Nuns Hons Pris (No Captive Knows);
Conon de Bethune - Ahi! Amours (Alas, Love)
https://youtu.be/mCF47f1web4

Mark Alburger - Music 1200-1400 (1c. Song and Dance)
France - Chansonier Cange; England - Estampie
https://youtu.be/wMIV9Tt-V70

Mark Alburger - Music 1200-1400 (1d. Manuscrit du Roi)
Bagpipe and Shawm Dances; Fourth, Fifth, and Sixth Estampies Real
https://youtu.be/8W3xtiX4aYA

Mark Alburger - Music 1200-1400 (1e. Duet Dance)
France - Ductia (6 Versions!); Mark Alburger - History Phases, Op. 153: XII
https://youtu.be/QUWa0dUS2QQ

Mark Alburger - Music 1200-1400 (1f. Gothic Ecstasy)
Colin Muset - Chansonnette; Liturgical Drama - The Play of Daniel; Perotin - Hec Dies (2 Versions)
https://youtu.be/XCWGvBFiruY

September 11 - The Opus Project presents Opus 91

THE OPUS PROJECT
presents
OPUS 9(/)1(1)
Falling and Rising

7pm, Saturday, September 11, 2021
Zoom Everywhere!


Antonio Soler (1729-1783)       
     Keyboard Sonata, R. 91 (c. 1762)
          I.

          https://youtu.be/cFKQQf2HK6g

          Megan Cullen, Piano
 
             
Ludwig van Beethoven (1770-1827)    
     Wellington's Victory ("Battle Symphony"), Op. 91 (1813)

           Mark Alburger, reinterpreted as
                Genre Implosions No. 3 ("Time Cyclone"), Op. 167 (2008)
                      (1770) Beethoven Wellington

     Piano Sonata, Op. 110
          III. Fuga

          https://youtu.be/iHrvwQWbwhg
                       
          Hussein Al-Nasrawi, Piano

Felix Mendelssohn (1809-1847)       
     Psalm 98 "Sing to the Lord a New Song", Op. 91(1843)

          Mark Alburger, reinterpreted as
               Psalms, Book IV, Op. 202 (2012)
                    Psalm 98 (A Psalm) "Sing to the Lord a New Song"

Richard Wagner (1813-1883)       
     Wesendonk Lieder, WWV 91 (1858)
           IV. Schmerzen

          https://youtu.be/5nkFoNBIN-0

          Megan Cullen, Soprano
          Appcompanist

Joachim Raff (1822-1882)           
     Piano Suite No. 4, Op. 91 (1859)
          III. Cavatina (excerpt)

          https://youtu.be/ucrWof_z1So

Hermann Berens (1826-1880)       
     Fleurs du printemps, Op. 91 (1871)
           II. Nocturne

          https://youtu.be/dFL-7RP3J4E

           Megan Cullen, Piano

Anton Rubinstein (1829-1894)       
     Die Gedichte und das Requiem für Mignon, Op. 91 (1872)
          X. Heiss mich nicht reden

          https://youtu.be/j9D_r2hr1DA

          Megan Cullen, Soprano

Auguste Durand (1830-1909)       
     Valse No. 5, Op. 91 (1889)

          https://youtu.be/POw47wqeM2w

          Megan Cullen, Piano

Antonin Dvorak (1841-1904)       
     In Nature's Realm, Op. 91 (1891)

          Mark Alburger, reinterpreted as
               Genre Implosions No. 3 ("Time Cyclone"), Op. 167 (2008)
                    (1841) Dvorak Nature

Heinrich von Herzogenberg (1843-1900)   
     Elegische Gesange, Op. 91 (1895)
          II. Treue

          https://youtu.be/Obp2OszeWqg

          Megan Cullen, Voice
          Appcompanist

Cécile Chaminade (1857-1944)       
     Valse No. 4, Op. 91 (1901) (excerpt)

           https://youtu.be/Igu8ZRePums

           Megan Cullen, Piano

Giacomo Puccini (1858-1924)       
     Turandot, SC 91 (1924)
           Act II - In questa Reggia

          https://youtu.be/i21lwh2Ahfk

          Megan Cullen
          Appcompanist

Claude Debussy (1862-1918)       
     Nocturnes, L 91 (1891)
          II. Fêtes (Festivals)

          Mark Alburger, reinterpreted as
               Abducted by Aliens, Op. 222 (2014)
                    II. 214 BC Livy / 74 BC Plutarch

Charles Ives (1874-1954)           
     Some Southpaw Pitching (1919)

          Mark Alburger, Orchestration



Igor Stravinsky (1882-1971)       
     Symphony in 3 Movements (1945)
          I. Quarter = 160

          Mark Alburger, reinterpreted as
               Genre Implosions No. 3 ("Time Cyclone"), Op. 167 (2008)
                    (1882) Stravinsky Symphony

Sergei Prokofiev (1891-1951)       
     War and Peace, Op. 91 (1944)
          Overture

Malcolm Arnold (1921-2006)       
     Four Cornish Dances, Op. 91 (1966)
          I. Vivace

         Mark Alburger, Video

Anthony Hedges (1931-2019)       
     Viola Sonatina, Op. 91 (1983)

          Kat Walsh, Viola

Michael Kimbell (b. 1946)           
     Rondino capriccioso (2001)

          https://youtu.be/qhtb85qh7hg

          San Francisco Community Music Center Orchestra
          Urs Steiner, Conductor 

Mark Alburger (b. 1957)           
     12 Preludes and Fugues, Op.60 (1998)
           VIII. People Can Fall Down (Fugue)

           https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KiHMLrZnBa0&list=PLC2633B508784A17A&index=48

      Uncle Vanya, Op. 91 (2000)
           I. Have Some Tea

           Megan Cullen, Soprano
           Mark Alburger, Tenor and Electronics

Hussein Al-Nasrawi (b. 1991)       
     New York City Fantasia (2021)

          https://youtu.be/BLsRquOSBx8

          Hussein Al-Nasrawi, Piano

September 9 - Dark and Light

Well, Music Appreciation, here's the next video-playlist to sooth mind and soul -- and, if class cannot be attended today, to be duly noted by 6pm, this Friday, September 10 (as attached pdf or jpg to mus21stc@gmail.com).

Following playlist (under the second picture), Information for Quiz 3 (Medieval Music I)...

Mark Alburger - Medieval Music I (2. Romanesque to Gothic)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X1UCVL6hOsQ&list=PLtV-SdP8TZccH9EGGH3cjMt1Q4y36f3yO
(ALERT! YouTube wants to start this playlist on video 3!
Once playlist is opened on YouTube, please click first video at top right!)

Complete as...

Mark Alburger - Medieval Music I (2a. Notable)
Scholia Enchiriadis, Notker the Stammerer, Tuotillo, Free Organum,
Music of the Goliards and India, Guido d'Arezzo
https://youtu.be/8ml2fr28NHs

Mark Alburger - Medieval Music I (2b. Migrations)
Navajo, Latin, and Turkish Music
https://youtu.be/fwYE-Xt1FBY

Mark Alburger - Medieval Music I (2c. The Scottish Countenance)
Orkney Islands - Hymn to St. Magnus (7 Versions!); Mark Alburger - History Phases, Op. 153: VIII
https://youtu.be/X1UCVL6hOsQ

Mark Alburger - Medieval Music I (2d. Crusades)
School of Compostela - Cunctipotens Genitor; France - Dance Royale I;
Hildegard von Bingen - O Successores
https://youtu.be/3JEDxRGXEms

Mark Alburger - Medieval Music I (2e. Hindustani Sojourn)
Ravi Shankar - The Sounds of India: I. An Introduction to Indian Music, III. Maru-Bihag,
Gandhi: IV. Discovery of India
https://youtu.be/iLAsxVERBIU

Mark Alburger - Medieval Music I (2f. The School of Notre Dame)
Gregorian Chant - Haec Dies; Leonin - Hec Dies
https://youtu.be/R4ADcTswqCU

***

[Gregory the Great, suited up and ready to hear Gregorian Chant as part of Quiz 3 (Medieval Music I) for Diablo Valley College Music Appreciation -- blank copy pdf group-emailed today, and due, as usual, as above...]


Medieval Music I

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medieval_music


D Dorian, D Minor, and E Phrygian:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorian_mode

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D_minor

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phrygian_mode


Five Items of the Mass Ordinary, in Order - with Translations and - Typical Forms:

Kyrie - Lord Have Mercy - ABA (Ternary)
Gloria - Glory - Through-Composed (ongoing composition with no particular recurring pattern)
Credo - Creed (I Believe) - Through-Composed
Sanctus (Holy) - ABCB (Verse-Chorus)
Agnus Dei - Lamb of God - AB (Binary)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordinary_(liturgy)


Intervals from Perfect Unison to Perfect Fifth, and Number of Steps in Each:

Perfect Unison (P1) = 0 Steps
Minor Second (m2) = 1/2 Step
Major Second (M2) = 1 Step
Minor Third (m3) = 1 1/2 Steps
Major Third (M3) = 2 Steps
Perfect Fourth (P4) = 2 1/2 Steps
Tritone = 3 Steps
Perfect Fifth (P5) = 3 1/2 Steps

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interval_(music)


Listening:
 
[Identify by Composer (or Region, as given) and Title and describe
re one or more of the following catagories

Rhythm
Pitch
Dynamics
Timbre (Tone-Color)
Texture
Harmony
Form
Context]


Gregorian Chant - Kyrie IV

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BphlyIVXyWQ

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregorian_chant

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyrie

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyriale


Orkney Islands - Hymn to St. Magnus

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6zciDnkMjfE

https://wikihost.uib.no/medieval/index.php/Sanctus_Magnus_dux


India - Raga Maru Bihag

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e7-D29IxHQo
(with score!)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_classical_music

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raga


Leonin - Hec Dies (The Is the Day)

https://youtu.be/CWFxek2caAE
(with score)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A9onin

September 8 - Contrasts

Ah, the light at left -- World Musicians -- is not orange -- and may it continue to not be so, in these fiery days.  Well, here's a bit of divertisement, hopefully, in video-playlist below: to be duly chronicled by 6pm, this Friday, September 10 (just before another non-auspicious anniversary!... as attached pdf or jpg to mus21stc@gmail.com).

Following the playlist, under the second picture re Japanese Gagaku:
Information for Quiz 3 (Music 400-1200)...

Mark Alburger - Music 400-1200 (2. Romanesque to Gothic)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X1UCVL6hOsQ&list=PLtV-SdP8TZccH9EGGH3cjMt1Q4y36f3yO
(N.B. YouTube starts this playlist on video 3!
Once playlist is opened on YouTube, please click first video at top right!)

Feel free to emphasize the Asian and American selections of 2a, b, and e...

Mark Alburger - Music 400-1200 (2a. Notable)
Scholia Enchiriadis, Notker the Stammerer, Tuotillo, Free Organum,
Music of the Goliards and India, Guido d'Arezzo
https://youtu.be/8ml2fr28NHs

Mark Alburger - Music 400-1200 (2b. Migrations)
Navajo, Latin, and Turkish Music
https://youtu.be/fwYE-Xt1FBY

Mark Alburger - Music 400-1200 (2c. The Scottish Countenance)
Orkney Islands - Hymn to St. Magnus (7 Versions!); Mark Alburger - History Phases, Op. 153: VIII
https://youtu.be/X1UCVL6hOsQ

Mark Alburger - Music 400-1200 (2d. Crusades)
School of Compostela - Cunctipotens Genitor; France - Dance Royale I;
Hildegard von Bingen - O Successores
https://youtu.be/3JEDxRGXEms

Mark Alburger - Music 400-1200 (2e. Hindustani Sojourn)
Ravi Shankar - The Sounds of India: I. An Introduction to Indian Music, III. Maru-Bihag,
Gandhi: IV. Discovery of India
https://youtu.be/iLAsxVERBIU

Mark Alburger - Music 400-1200 (2f. The School of Notre Dame)
Gregorian Chant - Haec Dies; Leonin - Hec Dies
https://youtu.be/R4ADcTswqCU

***

[Expectant at the gate for Quiz 3 (Music c. 400-1200) re Diablo Valley College World Music -- blank copy pdf group-emailed this morning, and due, as usual, as above...]


D Dorian, E Phrygian, F Lydian, and G Mixolydian Modes:

D Dorian - DEFGABCD
E Phrygian - EFGABDCDE
F Lydian - FGABCDEF
G Mixolydian - GABCDEFG

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorian_mode

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phrygian_mode

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lydian_mode

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mixolydian_mode


Seven Early Forms of Music - with Definitions and Typical Structures:

Through-Composed - Evolving Free Form - No Sectionalized Repeat Structure
Strophic - Same Music Repeated with Different Words - AA
Call-and-Response - One Individual, or Group, Responding to Another - AA'
Binary - Two-Part Form, 2 Separate but Related Sections - AB
Ternary - Three-Part Form, 1st Returning as 3rd- ABA
Chain - Succession of Discrete Sections - ABC
Verse-Chorus - Varied 1st Section, Repeated 2nd - ABCB

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musical_form


Intervals from Perfect Unison to Perfect Fifth, and Number of Steps in Each:

Perfect Unison (P1) = 0 Steps
Minor Second (m2) = 1/2 Step
Major Second (M2) = 1 Step
Minor Third (m3) = 1 1/2 Steps
Major Third (M3) = 2 Steps
Perfect Fourth (P4) = 2 1/2 Steps
Tritone / Aug 4 / dim 5 (A4 / d5) = 3 Steps
Perfect Fifth (P5) = 3 1/2 Steps

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interval_(music)


Listening:
 
[Identify by Composer (or Region, as given) and Title and describe
re one or more of the following catagories

Rhythm
Pitch
Dynamics
Timbre (Tone-Color)
Texture
Harmony
Form
Context]


Japan - Gagaku Music (Northern Asia)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=15&v=5OA8HFUNfIk&feature=emb_logo

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gagaku


Iraq (Husayn al-Azami) - The Passion of 1,001 Nights: Maqam Awj (Western Asia)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=raFBLnI_m2Q

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_of_Iraq

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic_maqam


Arizona (Navajo) - Ribbon Dance (Western America)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pB4DmGRHMF0

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navajo_music


India (Ravi Shankar) - Raga Maru Bihag (Southern Asia)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e7-D29IxHQo

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_classical_music

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raga

September 7 - We Be Jammin'

Welcome Music Appreciation to Medieval Music I!  6 linked videos below -- If you are unable to make class today, please send notes (c. 300-500 words) on same, as attached pdf or jpg (to mus21stc@gmail.com) by 6pm, this Friday, September 10. 

Otherwise, see you soon at DVC!

Mark Alburger - Medieval Music I (1. Rome to Romanesque)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KK8Bg315V8Y&list=PLtV-SdP8TZccUYnKfWuBkBzS32F5Y9Z8m

Sex autem perficiendum!... (Latin: "Six will make it complete").
The below simply being the consituent parts of above...

Mark Alburger - Medieval Music I (1a. Beginnings of the Middle)
Music of India, Mauritania, Tibet, Hungary, Turkey,
France, North America, Australia, and Japan
https://youtu.be/KK8Bg315V8Y

Mark Alburger - Medieval Music I (1b. Introit, Kyrie)
Gregorian Chant - Gaudeamus, Kyrie IV
https://youtu.be/0-OxAlwIQps

Mark Alburger - Medieval Music I (1c. Kyrie to Gradual)
Gregorian Chant - Kyrie IV, VIII, XI; Psalm 146 with Antiphon
https://youtu.be/Tf5hqVwveW0

Mark Alburger - Medieval Music I (1d. Gradual to Vespers)
Gregorian Chant - Haec Dies; Deus in Adjutorium
https://youtu.be/kDTVOfLRzro
 
Mark Alburger - Medieval Music I (1e. Pilgrimage)
Music of Arabia, Yemen, Iran, Syria, Palestine / Israel, Tunisia, and Morocco
https://youtu.be/DtI9xuLOczQ

Mark Alburger - Medieval Music I (1f. Roaming to Romanesque)
Music of Japan, Iraq, Arabia, France, and Gambia
https://youtu.be/mbA6P3-FtzE

September 6 - Tap, Tap

World Music welcome to Medieval I (c. 400-1200)!  6 linked videos below, re notes (c. 300-500 words), as attached pdf or jpg (to mus21stc@gmail.com) by 6pm, this Friday, the just-before ominous September 10!

Thanks re optional Zoom Get-Togethers in the last two weeks... hope to see you again similarly this Wednesday (same times, 5pm) and beyond as well!

Mark Alburger - Music c. 400-1200 (1. Rome to Romanesque)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KK8Bg315V8Y&list=PLtV-SdP8TZccUYnKfWuBkBzS32F5Y9Z8m

Sex fecit hoc perficere!... (Latin: "Six has make it complete").
The below simply being the consituent parts of above...
In your writings, feel free to emphasize the African / Asian / American aspects (1a, e, and f)...

Mark Alburger - Music c. 400-1200 (1a. Beginnings of the Middle)
Music of India, Mauritania, Tibet, Hungary, Turkey,
France, North America, Australia, and Japan
https://youtu.be/KK8Bg315V8Y

Mark Alburger - Music c. 400-1200 (1b. Introit, Kyrie)
Gregorian Chant - Gaudeamus, Kyrie IV
https://youtu.be/0-OxAlwIQps

Mark Alburger - Music c. 400-1200 (1c. Kyrie to Gradual)
Gregorian Chant - Kyrie IV, VIII, XI; Psalm 146 with Antiphon
https://youtu.be/Tf5hqVwveW0

Mark Alburger - Music c. 400-1200 (1d. Gradual to Vespers)
Gregorian Chant - Haec Dies; Deus in Adjutorium
https://youtu.be/kDTVOfLRzro
 
Mark Alburger - Music c. 400-1200 (1e. Pilgrimage)
Music of Arabia, Yemen, Iran, Syria, Palestine / Israel, Tunisia, and Morocco
https://youtu.be/DtI9xuLOczQ

Mark Alburger - Music c. 400-1200 (1f. Roaming to Romanesque)
Music of Japan, Iraq, Arabia, France, and Gambia
https://youtu.be/mbA6P3-FtzE

September 2 - Lines and Points

Second playlist for 2nd Week of Music Appreciation -- if unable to make class today, c. 300-500 words of Lecture Notes re above will suffice in place... as attached pdf / jpg to mus21stc@gmail.com by 6pm, Friday, September 3.

Information for Quiz 2 is just under the Egyptian Musicians photo below!

Hopefully see you soon!


Mark Alburger - Ancient Music (2. That Which Survives)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UgJ51XJUpfU&list=PLtV-SdP8TZcePAGJ29NM47kCdycpze7aC

Details of above, below...

Mark Alburger - Ancient Music (2a. Preservation Hall)
Syria - Hurrian Hymn No. 6; Egypt - Trumpets of Tutankhamun
https://youtu.be/UgJ51XJUpfU

Mark Alburger - Ancient Music (2b. Harmony and Hymns)
Matt Small - Trumpet of Tutankhamun; Harmonic Series;
China - Entrance Hymn for the Emperor; Israel - Jewish Chant
https://youtu.be/_0UNCS_adqg

Mark Alburger - Ancient Music (2c. Spirit of Ages)
Music of Central Africa, Greece, India, China, and Angola
https://youtu.be/nVARs8LkebE

Mark Alburger - Ancient Music (2d. It's All Greek)
Seikilos - Epitaph (14 versions!)
https://youtu.be/7R9IqaS01uI

Mark Alburger - Ancient Music (2e. Cantus Firmus)
Syriac and Coptic Orthodox Music; Roman and Ambrosian Chant; Tassin - Dance Tune;
Robertsbridge Codex - Organ Estampie No. 3
https://youtu.be/UZ-e8EGJjc8

Mark Alburger - Ancient Music (2f. World Beat)
Music of Indonesia, South Africa, Tanzania, Mozambique,
Crete, Uganda, Kenya, Tahiti, Zimbabwe, and Ethiopia
https://youtu.be/HDJ224EuXiY


***

[Early Egyptians marching towards Diablo Valley College Music Appreciation
Quiz 2 (Ancient Music)] -- blank copy of same will be group emailed soon --
if you don't receive, you might want to check email spam folder! --
please email completed copy (and any lecture notes) as attached pdf / jpg to mus21stc@gmail.com
by 6pm, tomorrow, Friday, September 3!

There's actually never any penalty for late notes,
and only a modest one for late quizzes (A- max, rather than A).
Deadlines flexible (until I turn in grades),
certainly not late until I grade...

Will contact all individually by end of day, re grades of Week 1...

Thank you!


Information for Quiz 2


 F Lydian and Major (in Bass Clef, with Half Notes)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lydian_mode

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F_major



Major Scale Whole Step / Half Step Pattern (C)

... in Bass Clef, with Half Notes

... on a musical keyboard

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semitone



Four Texures of Music 


Monophonic - One line of music, strictly performed

Heterophonic - One line of music, freely performed

Polyphonic - More than one line of music, with lines of equal importance

Homophonic - More than one line of music, with one line more important than the others

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texture_(music)



Listening


California (Yurok) - Women's Brush Dance

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VDIJYCI5lU0

http://markalburgermusichistory.blogspot.com/2008/06/native-americans-in-california-c-8000.html
(information with notation)


China - Entrance Hymn for the Emperor

https://youtu.be/xOew2QNvrDU
(with notation!)

http://markalburgermusichistory.blogspot.com/2008/05/king-kang-of-chou-reigned-1021-996-bc.html
(information with notation)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UBbOYeIxBhM
(alternative video)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_bilTiAwk18
(second alternative video)


Seikilos - Epitaph

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vwYQ_bmkbZs

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gUkabSGrK7I&t=45s
(Another version with metered notation in 6/8)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xj0H37FpukQ
(Amazing Icelandic performance)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seikilos_epitaph
(information with notation)


(The lecture playlist-videos of this Era, of course, have commentaries and recordings on all 3 above)


***


Oh, and here's a great link, provided by one of your classmates re Byzantine /
Greek Orthodox Chant -- enriched by acoustics captured in Hagia Sophia!

https://www.npr.org/2020/02/22/808404928/listen-the-sound-of-the-hagia-sophia-more-than-500-years-ago